![]() ) Osteology of the sellar region, oblique view oriented along the axis of a right optic canal. ![]() ![]() ) Osteology of the anterior and middle cranial fossae. ), detailing the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure. The orbit is formed by seven bones (the lacrimal bone is missing in this specimen). ) Oblique view of a right orbit, oriented along the axis of the optic canal. Instead, an attempt has been made to highlight anatomical structures and elucidate concepts most relevant to safe and effective transcranial, transfacial, transorbital, or transnasal surgery of orbital, periorbital, and skull base pathologies. Sparse reference will be made to surgical approaches, their indications or limitations, since they are addressed elsewhere in this special issue. This article provides a detailed illustration and description of the microsurgical anatomy of the orbit, with a focus on the intrinsically complex spatial relationships around the annular tendon and the superior orbital fissure, the transition from cavernous sinus to the orbital apex. Its main contents are the anterior part of the visual system, globe and optic nerve, and the associated neural, vascular, muscular, glandular, and ligamentous structures required for oculomotion, lacrimation, accommodation, and sensation.Ī complex stream of afferent and efferent information passes through the orbit, which necessitates a direct communication with the anterior and middle cranial fossae, the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae, as well as the aerated adjacent frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses and the nasal cavity. The orbit is a paired, transversely oval, and cone-shaped osseous cavity bounded and formed by the anterior and middle cranial base as well as the viscerocranium.
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